| 5. July 2006 | | JureIn the 19th century, a government engineer whose work became the seed of I.B.M. designed a punch-card machine that allowed for a mechanically run Census, which eventually told companies who their customers were. The 20th century brought public opinion polls that showed what those customers were thinking. This century’s great technology can give companies, and anyone else, a window into what people are actually doing, in real time or even ahead of time.